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The term that refers to the ability of seeds to begin growing in a suitable environment is germination. Germination is the process where a seed absorbs water, swells, and begins to sprout, which ultimately leads to the development of a new plant. This process typically occurs when environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature, and light are favorable for growth.

In contrast to germination, viability indicates whether a seed is capable of germinating; it measures the quality and potential of the seed to grow. Scarification is a technique used to break seed dormancy by physically or chemically altering the seed coat, making it easier for moisture to penetrate and initiate germination. Pollination, on the other hand, is the biological process where pollen is transferred from the male parts of a flower to the female parts, facilitating fertilization and the production of seeds—not directly related to the germination process itself.