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The term that describes the amount of dry matter produced per unit area is biological yield. This measure reflects the total mass of all the plant material produced, including both the harvested and unharvested portions of a crop. Biological yield is important in agronomy as it gives an understanding of the productivity of a particular cropping system and can be influenced by various factors such as soil fertility, climate, and crop management practices.

Economic yield, on the other hand, specifically refers to the portion of the biological yield that has marketable value, typically the harvested products. Harvest index measures the ratio of economic yield to biological yield; thus, it is a different concept focusing on efficiency. Biomass is a more general term that refers to the total mass of living organisms in a given area; while it can correlate with biological yield, it is not specifically about the production capacity of crops per area as biological yield is.