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The radicle is the part of the seed that specifically develops into the root system of the plant. When a seed germinates, the radicle emerges first and begins to grow downward into the soil, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients essential for growth. This initial root structure is crucial for establishing the plant’s foundation and further supporting its development.

The other parts of the seed play different roles. The testa, or seed coat, protects the seed but does not develop into any part of the plant. The cotyledon serves as the first leaves of the plant, providing energy and nutrients during early growth, but it is not involved in forming the root system. The embryo encompasses all the early developmental structures of the plant, including both the radicle and the cotyledons, but it is the radicle that specifically evolves into the root. Thus, the radicle's role is essential for root development, making it the correct answer.